Les Matériaux loux dans le domaine de construction en zone saharienne

Abstract

تخضع أساليب وتقنيات البناء و الإنشاء في العمارة الصحراوية التقليدية بالدرجة الأولى لطبيعة المواد المستعملة و و الضرورات المناخية فجاءت وفق المقياس الإنساني الذي ينسجم مع الحالة المناخية والتقاليد وروح الحضارة الإسلامية وجمعت ميزاتها بين البساطة في الإنشاء والاستجابة للاحتياجات الإنسانية المختلفة وهذا ما يتجلى من خلال العناصر المعمارية والانشانية المختلفة وهكذا انشات الحوائط من مواد محلية صرفة (طين وحجارة ) وبمختلف التقنيات الملائمة للمواد وكذلك اعتمد التسقيف على المواد بسيطة وتنوع في الأسلوب فنجد التسقيف المسطح والتسقيف بالقباب والأقبية وانشات الفتحات بما يتماشى وحاجة الانسان والمتطلبات المناخية و الاجتماعية كما تم اللجوء إلى عناصر أخرى كالعقود والأعمدة والسلالم كلما تطلب الأمر ذلك وانشات بطرق بسيطة أيضا

The mètheds and tèchiques of building and construction in traditional desert architecture are primarily governed by nature.the materials used and the climatic necessities came according to the human scale that is consistent with the climatic situation .traditions and the spirit of islamic civilization .its features combine simplicity in construction ,and responsiveness to needs different humanity. This is evidenced by the various architectural and constructional elements. And so I was born the walls are made of purely local materials mud and stones , and with various techniques suitable for the materials .as well as approved roofing and a diversity of style. We find flat roofing and vaults the openings were construction in line with human needs and climatic and social requirements it was also resorted to other elements such as arches columns and stqirs whenever required and stairs whenever required and created in simple ways as well

The mètheds and tèchiques of building and construction in traditional desert architecture are primarily governed by nature.the materials used and the climatic necessities came according to the human scale that is consistent with the climatic situation .traditions and the spirit of islamic civilization .its features combine simplicity in construction ,and responsiveness to needs different humanity. This is evidenced by the various architectural and constructional elements. And so I was born the walls are made of purely local materials mud and stones , and with various techniques suitable for the materials .as well as approved roofing and a diversity of style. We find flat roofing and vaults the openings were construction in line with human needs and climatic and social requirements it was also resorted to other elements such as arches columns and stqirs whenever required and stairs whenever required and created in simple ways as well