Etude et Réalisation d’un capteur solaire hybride photovoltaïque thermique destinée à usage domestique

Abstract

Les capteurs thermiques photovoltaïques hybrides (PV/T) convertissent l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique et thermique. Cette conversion permet d'une part le refroidissement des cellules solaires et d'autre part l'exploitation de l'énergie thermique résultante pour chauffer l'eau ou l'espace. Un panneau solaire hybride utilise la chaleur dégagée par les cellules photovoltaïques pour chauffer un fluide caloporteur (liquide ou air), ce qui améliore le rendement des cellules PV tout en valorisant de la chaleur solaire utile pour l’eau chaude sanitaire ou le chauffage. L'air chaud extrait du collecteur PVT peut être utilisé comme source de chaleur pour le bâtiment. Dans cette étude, un capteur PVT à base d'air avec un module PV monocristallin a été conçu et ses performances électriques et thermiques ont été analysées avec les résultats expérimentaux. Les résultats ont indiqué que les rendements thermique et électrique du collecteur PVT étaient, en moyenne, de 86 % et d'environ 09 %, respectivement et une amélioration des performances thermiques de 22 %.

Hybrid photovoltaic (PV / T) thermal collectors convert solar energy into electrical and thermal energy. This conversion allows on the one hand the cooling of the solar cells and on the other hand the exploitation of the resulting thermal energy to heat the water or space. A hybrid solar panel uses the heat given off by photovoltaic cells to heat a transfer fluid (liquid or air), which improves the efficiency of the PV cells while developing useful solar heat for domestic hot water or heating. The warm air extracted from the PVT collector can be utilized as a heat source for the building. In this study, an air-based PVT collector with a mono- crystalline PV module was designed, and its electrical and thermal performance was analyzed with the experimental results. The results indicated that the thermal and electrical efficiencies of the PVT collector were, on average, 86% and about 9%, respectively, and thermal efficiency improved by 22%.

The work of preparation of the title of Master in Environmental Chemistry is located within the framework of a contribution in the field of decoloration of colored waters by adsorption on materials likely to be effective in the fixation of the agents of coloring of waters. These materials are a LDH phase based on magnesium and aluminum, was synthesized by the method of co-precipitation at constant pH, with a molar ratio R = Mg2+/Al3+ = 2, was characterized by XRD, by FTIR and by DTA/TG and then was calcined for their use as adsorbents in colored aqueous solutions. The calcination leads to the formation of mixed oxides having an action of being able to regenerate by adsorbing new anionic entities present in the wastewater "Memory effect". After fixing the parameters influencing the adsorption of dye, such as the mass of the adsorbent, the concentration of dye, the pH of the solution, the time of contact, and the temperature of the medium; a comparative study on the regeneration and reuse of the two phases carbonated Mg2Al-CO3 and calcined Mg2Al-380 was studied. The adsorption products and kinetics were monitored by UV-Visible.